Issue No. (51) of the Arab Economic Bulletin is issued for the third quarter of 2021, including a set of papers and research studies in Arab economic and social development that deal with pivotal topics in the areas of social entrepreneurship, small and medium enterprises, behavioral economics, food security, climate, productive capacities, innovation capabilities, the developmental role of exports, areas for developing Arab-Asian economic cooperation, and investment opportunities in the field of maritime trade.

The first study deals with "the importance of social entrepreneurship for enterprises in the age of digitization and its role in responding to the challenges of the stage," it reviews the concept of social entrepreneurship, a number of initiatives launched in Arab countries in this field, the challenges it faces, and the requirements for its development and encouragement, based on innovation, transparency and openness. The second study deals with "behavioral economics and its fields of application in the Arab world", in terms of the various concepts and models of behavioral economics, and the extent to which it can be applied in Arab countries. The third study, entitled "Technological Exports, the Income Gap and the Fourth Industrial Revolution", explains the theoretical framework for the development of exports and its relationship to income and the role of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, with a comparison of the conditions of some Arab countries against the developed countries and the new industrial countries. The fourth study, entitled "An Analytical Reading of Indicators of the Productive Capacity of Arab Countries", aims to analyze the situation of the productive capacities of the Arab countries based on recent statistics on the Index of Productive Capacity and its components issued by UNCTAD in 2021, which covers 193 countries in the world.

As for the fifth study, it presents an "analytical reading of the Food Security Index for Arab Countries 2019-2020", it deals with a detailed explanation of this indicator and its components, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses in the areas of purchasing power, abundance, quality and food safety, the abundance and flexibility of natural resources, and the degree of dependence on imports of cereals, and the general environment for food security conditions by countries. The sixth study reviews "the impact of climate changes on the Arab economy and the requirements for containment", in terms of the relationship between climate and environmental changes and the effects of the Covid-19 virus globally and in the Arab world, and in terms of the requirements of a green and sustainable economic recovery. The seventh study, entitled "Small and medium industries, is an essential pillar of Arab economic development." The importance of these institutions and the most important problems they face in the Arab world. It also reviews the challenges and opportunities created by the Covid-19 pandemic, and the prospects offered by entrepreneurship through the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

The eighth study examines the areas of "Arab-Asian economic cooperation - comparative advantages and investment opportunities", and outlines areas of development by analyzing trade exchanges and studying Egypt's experience in this field. The ninth study, entitled "Maritime & Ports Investment Opportunities, Arab - Hellenic Relations", provides an analysis of Arab maritime trade with its weaknesses and strengths. It also reviews the maritime trade relations of Arab countries with Greece and the common opportunities and challenges they face in light of the new variables, with the aim of extracting future development needs.

As for the tenth study, entitled "The Arab World Landscape in the Global Innovation Index 2020", it represents a careful reading of the performance of Arab countries in relation to the global index of innovation, with the aim of identifying areas that need improvement and development, especially since innovation has become in the current difficult circumstances due to the Corona pandemic as a way of salvation for overcoming the consequences and repercussions of restrictions and economic closure.

We hope that these intellectual contributions, and what they entail, will gain the attention they deserve among Arab decision-makers and economic societies.